--- title: "ChatGPT Sources in Canada: 27% of Answers Cite US Domains" url: https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites description: "ChatGPT sources in Canada lean American: 27.2% of answers cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us site, against 29% that cite a Canadian .ca site. Read the study." lang: en --- Share Share on X: https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffdigital.com%2Fresources%2Fdata-studies%2Fcanadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites&text=27%25%20of%20ChatGPT%20Answers%20to%20Canadians%20Cite%20a%20.gov%2C%20.edu%2C%20.mil%20or%20.us%20Site%20vs%2029%25%20Citing%20.ca Share on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffdigital.com%2Fresources%2Fdata-studies%2Fcanadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites Share on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffdigital.com%2Fresources%2Fdata-studies%2Fcanadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites Share on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffdigital.com%2Fresources%2Fdata-studies%2Fcanadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites&title=27%25%20of%20ChatGPT%20Answers%20to%20Canadians%20Cite%20a%20.gov%2C%20.edu%2C%20.mil%20or%20.us%20Site%20vs%2029%25%20Citing%20.ca **27.2%** of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website (US government, university, military or US-registered sites), almost as many as the 29% that cite any Canadian .ca website. American health and finance agencies such as the NIH and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are among the sources cited in answers written for Canadians. Analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini answers to 500 questions asked from four countries · ChatGPT and Gemini, September 2026 ## Key Findings 1. 1. **27.2%** of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website, against 29% that cite any Canadian .ca website. Copy stat 2. 2. **24.1%** of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Australia cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website, against 36.6% that cite an Australian .au website. Copy stat 3. 3. Gemini cites a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website in **6.3%** of answers to questions asked from Canada, about a quarter of ChatGPT's rate, and a .ca website in 13.1%. Copy stat 4. 4. PubMed and the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are each cited in **24** ChatGPT answers to Canadian questions, more than any Canadian source except canada.ca. Copy stat 5. 5. General domains such as .com and .org make up **66.9%** of the websites ChatGPT cites in answers to questions asked from Canada. Copy stat ## Summary A Toronto couple asks ChatGPT a question about investing, then one about vitamins. The answers are written for someone in Canada, and the websites ChatGPT cites in its Canadian answers include the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, investor.gov and the US National Institutes of Health. That matters for Canadian brands and publishers: every citation that goes to a US source is one a Canadian source did not get, so the gap is an opening to become the local source ChatGPT cites. **27.2%** of ChatGPT answers to Canadian questions cite at least one .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website, nearly as many as the 29% that cite any .ca website at all. Those are the sources that are unmistakably American; US companies on .com addresses count as general sources, so the full American share is larger. ## What we measured On September 23, 2026 we asked ChatGPT and Gemini 500 English questions, 250 about the best products and 250 general questions on topics such as health, money and food, with the location set to the US, the UK, Canada and Australia. Each question was asked twice. The questions are part of a larger 14,000-answer study of how AI answers vary by country and language. We sorted every website cited in the answers by the ending of its address. A US source ends in .gov, .edu, .mil or .us, endings used by American government bodies, universities, the military and US-registered sites. A local source ends in the country's own code: .ca for Canada, .au for Australia, .uk for the UK. General sources end in .com, .org and similar endings used worldwide. Each figure is the share of answers that cite at least one website of that kind, among answers that cite any source. ## US sites ending in .gov, .edu, .mil or .us nearly match Canadian .ca ones 27.2% of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website. Against the 29% of answers that cite any Canadian .ca website, that is near parity: a Canadian reader is almost as likely to see a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us source as a Canadian one. The pattern repeats in other countries. ChatGPT cites .gov, .edu, .mil or .us websites in 24.1% of Australian answers and 23.4% of UK answers, but local websites do better there, at 36.6% and 37% of answers. Canada gets the fewest local sources of the three. Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us site by country Canada 27.2% Canada 6.3% Australia 24.1% Australia 6.5% UK 23.4% UK 5.4% Source: Suff Digital analysis of ChatGPT and Gemini answers to 500 questions asked from four countries · ChatGPT and Gemini, September 2026 | Country | Engine | Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us site | Cite a local-domain site | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Canada | ChatGPT | 27.2% | 29% | | Canada | Gemini | 6.3% | 13.1% | | Australia | ChatGPT | 24.1% | 36.6% | | Australia | Gemini | 6.5% | 11.1% | | UK | ChatGPT | 23.4% | 37% | | UK | Gemini | 5.4% | 27.6% | Gemini cites far fewer .gov, .edu, .mil or .us websites, 5.4% to 6.5% of answers, but it also cites fewer local ones in Canada (13.1%) and Australia (11.1%). The two engines also differ in how often they cite anything: ChatGPT gives sources in about 98% of these answers and Gemini in 62% to 65%. In ChatGPT's Canadian answers, general .com and .org websites make up 66.9% of the sources cited. ## Which US sites show up for Canadians The US websites ChatGPT cites most for Canadian questions belong to health and finance agencies. PubMed, the US National Library of Medicine's research database, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau each appear in 24 Canadian answers, followed by the NIH's Office of Dietary Supplements, investor.gov and the USDA's food safety service. The Bureau of Labor Statistics and the IRS appear too. Answers by US website cited in Canadian answers pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 24 consumerfinance.gov 24 ods.od.nih.gov 15 investor.gov 14 fsis.usda.gov 14 cdc.gov 13 fda.gov 11 bls.gov 10 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 10 irs.gov 9 On the Canadian side, the federal government's canada.ca leads with 42 answers, followed by Ontario's financial regulator, FSRA (13), bestbuy.ca (10), toyota.ca and autotrader.ca (9 each). Apart from canada.ca, no Canadian website is cited as often as PubMed or the CFPB. | Canadian website cited | Answers | | --- | --- | | canada.ca | 42 | | fsrao.ca | 13 | | bestbuy.ca | 10 | | toyota.ca | 9 | | autotrader.ca | 9 | | ontario.ca | 8 | | rates.ca | 8 | | ratehub.ca | 7 | ## What this means for Canadian and Australian brands and publishers If you publish for Canadian or Australian readers, there is room to become the local source ChatGPT uses. Health, money and food safety questions are where US agencies are cited most, so clear pages on Canadian rules, prices and products, written to answer the question directly and easy for AI engines to read, give ChatGPT a Canadian page to cite. If you are a brand selling in Canada, ask ChatGPT your customers' questions with a Canadian location and read the sources. Where an answer cites US sources, publish the Canadian version of that information on your .ca site and earn mentions from Canadian publishers such as rates.ca and ratehub.ca. As an international seo agency (https://www.suffdigital.com/seo/international-seo-agency), Suff Digital tracks which sources AI engines cite in each country you sell in. ## Embed this research Paste this on your site to embed the charts. It links back to the source automatically.

Source: 27% of ChatGPT Answers to Canadians Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us Site vs 29% Citing .ca - Suff Digital

## Cite this study APA Suff Digital. (2026). 27% of ChatGPT Answers to Canadians Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us Site vs 29% Citing .ca. https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites Plain link 27% of ChatGPT Answers to Canadians Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us Site vs 29% Citing .ca - Suff Digital - https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites ## Frequently asked questions ### Do AI answers for Canadians cite US websites? ### How often does ChatGPT cite Canadian websites for Canadians? ### Which US websites does ChatGPT cite for Canadian questions? ### Does Gemini cite US websites for Canadians? ## Related studies - AI SEO Perplexity Cites a Foreign Website in 49.3% of Answers to US Questions vs 5.5% for ChatGPT: https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/foreign-sources-in-ai-answers - AI SEO US vs UK: ChatGPT Recommends a Different Top Product 69.3% of the Time: https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/ai-recommends-different-brands-us-uk - AI SEO Ask Gemini if a Brand Is Good and 21.3% of Answers Cite a Competitor's Website: https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/ai-answers-cite-competitor-sites - AI SEO 45% of AI Answers From ChatGPT, Gemini and Google Cite a Page Over Two Years Old: https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/ai-answers-cite-old-pages ## Structured data ```json [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#organization", "name": "Suff Digital", "alternateName": "Suff Digital Marketing", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#logo", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/logo.png", "contentUrl": "https://www.suffdigital.com/logo.png", "caption": "Suff Digital" }, "image": { "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#logo" }, "description": "Suff Digital is a full-stack digital marketing agency that turns websites into predictable revenue engines, SEO, paid media, content, CRO, and web design built around revenue, not vanity metrics.", "slogan": "Digital marketing built for what's next.", "email": "hello@suffdigital.com", "telephone": "+1-629-236-0099", "foundingDate": "2022", "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Matt Suffoletto", "jobTitle": "Founder & CEO" }, "contactPoint": [ { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-629-236-0099", "email": "hello@suffdigital.com", "contactType": "sales", "areaServed": "US", "availableLanguage": [ "en" ] } ], "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "addressLocality": "Nashville", "addressRegion": "TN", "postalCode": "37219", "addressCountry": "US" }, "areaServed": { "@type": "Country", "name": "United States" }, "sameAs": [ "https://www.linkedin.com/company/suff-digital/", "https://www.instagram.com/suffdigital/", "https://www.youtube.com/@suffdigitalmarketing", "https://www.tiktok.com/@suffdigital" ], "knowsAbout": [ "Search Engine Optimization", "Pay-Per-Click Advertising", "Paid Social Advertising", "Conversion Rate Optimization", "Web Design", "Digital PR", "Link Building", "Website Migration", "Website Maintenance and Support", "Technical SEO", "Local SEO", "AI Search Optimization" ], "hasOfferCatalog": { "@type": "OfferCatalog", "name": "Suff Digital Services", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Search Engine Optimization (SEO)", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/ppc" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Paid Social Advertising", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/paid-social" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/cro" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Web Design", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/web-design" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Digital PR & Link Building", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/digital-pr" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Website Migration", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/website-migration" } }, { "@type": "Offer", "itemOffered": { "@type": "Service", "name": "Website Maintenance & Support", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/services/website-maintenance" } } ] } }, { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#website", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/", "name": "Suff Digital", "inLanguage": "en-US", "publisher": { "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#organization" } } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites#article", "headline": "27% of ChatGPT Answers to Canadians Cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us Site vs 29% Citing .ca", "description": "27.2% of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website (US government, university, military or US-registered sites), almost as many as the 29% that cite any Canadian .ca website. 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American health and finance agencies such as the NIH and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau are among the sources cited in answers written for Canadians.", "url": "https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites", "creator": { "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/#organization" }, "datePublished": "2026-09-24", "dateModified": "2026-09-24", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "isAccessibleForFree": true, "measurementTechnique": "ChatGPT and Gemini answers" }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "@id": "https://www.suffdigital.com/resources/data-studies/canadian-ai-answers-cite-us-sites#faq", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Do AI answers for Canadians cite US websites?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Yes. 27.2% of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website, almost as many as the 29% that cite a Canadian .ca website (September 2026)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How often does ChatGPT cite Canadian websites for Canadians?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "29% of ChatGPT answers to questions asked from Canada cite at least one .ca website, fewer than the 37% of UK answers citing a .uk website or the 36.6% of Australian answers citing an .au website." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Which US websites does ChatGPT cite for Canadian questions?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Mostly health and finance agencies. PubMed and the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau each appear in 24 ChatGPT answers to Canadian questions, followed by the NIH's Office of Dietary Supplements (15)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Does Gemini cite US websites for Canadians?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Less often. Gemini cites a .gov, .edu, .mil or .us website in 6.3% of answers to questions asked from Canada, and a .ca website in 13.1%." } } ] } ] } ] ```